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With this 1890 speech, American politician William Jennings Bryan presents a compelling argument against imperialism. He outlines how maintaining military force over other nations goes against core American values. The speech highlights specific issues that were current at the time, particularly US relations with Cuba and the Philippines. Though the speech is more than 100 years old, its core points about American democracy ring true in contemporary foreign affairs.

The period known as the Avignon Papacy began in 1309, when Pope Clement V relocated the seat of papal power to Avignon, France. The French monarchy slowly gained control over the papacy during this time, and as they did, corruption and greed grew in the church. The troubadour and priest Raimon de Cornet staunchly opposed the Avignon Papacy for these reasons. He summarized his grievances in this noteworthy poem, in which he states, “I see the pope his sacred trust betray, / For while the rich his grace can gain alway, / His favors from the poor are aye withholden.”

Mr. Winkleman thinks he ought not to have to watch his tongue in his own home. Yet one morning, his angry words bring his wife to tears, and he faces the conviction that perhaps a kind tone is not such a strenuous demand after all. Arthur begins and ends this story with verses from "Proverbs" describing the power of the tongue. Moral stories like this one helped define middle-class values in the 19th century.

President Woodrow Wilson entered World War I reluctantly, and he aimed to be strategic and fair when arranging peace terms to leave it. He delivered his 14-point treaty to Congress in January 1918. In it, he emphasized the importance of establishing free trade, restoring sovereign territories, and reducing arms. This speech outlined the terms on which he sought to establish enduring peace in Europe, which he recognized as vital to maintaining peace in the Americas as well as the rest of the world.

With this 1914 address, President Woodrow Wilson declared his intentions for the US to remain neutral in World War I. “Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality,” he said, “which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned.” This platform secured Wilson’s re-election in 1916, but it only lasted until 1917. When Germany restarted unrestricted submarine warfare against US vessels, Wilson would retract his sentiment and lead Congress to vote in favor of war.

President Woodrow Wilson delivered this address to the 1914 graduates of the US Naval Academy. While he congratulated them, he also said: “Do not suppose that your education is over because you have received your diplomas from the academy. Your education has just begun.” He asked them to consider themselves “sample Americans” to all they would meet as they traveled the world’s seas. He reminded them how their unique position allowed them to view their nation from an international perspective, an important reminder that rings true for all modern Americans.

President Woodrow Wilson won the 1916 re-election largely because he had thus far kept the US out of World War I. Yet when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare against US vessels in 1917, Wilson approached Congress with a change of heart. “The world must be made safe for democracy,” he said as he asked them to vote for a declaration of war. Four days later, both the House and Senate passed their formal agreement with Wilson in overwhelming numbers.

When Army lieutenant Philip Nolan rashly proclaims that he never wants to hear about the United States again, he has no idea that his wishes will be so literally carried out. Sentenced to spend the rest of his life in exile, never to hear news of the US again, Nolan truly learns what it means to be “without a country.” Originally published amid the division and chaos of the Civil War, The Man Without a Country gets right to the heart of some timeless and universal themes. Philip Nolan’s poignant tale will make you rethink the true meaning of patriotism.

This is a charming children’s story penned by the great literary legend Oscar Wilde. The giant protects his beloved garden from intrusion but at a cost of eternal winter inside. Then one day a special young boy shows up who changes everything. Though infused with religious symbolism, you don’t have to embrace religious faith to appreciate this timeless lesson about love and generosity.

Timothy Shay Arthur wrote many popular moral stories in the 19th century. In this tale, a family sends their son to a prestigious boarding school where he can academically prosper. Though things start off well, he soon falls in with the wrong crowd. The story mirrors the plot of the New Testament parable of the prodigal son, which shows the depth of forgiveness and the power of redemption.

In The Power of Kindness, a boy’s father is disappointed when his harsh words do not lead to respect from his child. Then, a friend gently suggests the following: “Try him with kind words; they will prove a hundred-fold more powerful.” When the father tries this, the boy experiences an immediate change of heart.

In this story, the narrator is recovering from an illness in the company of Lucy Latimer, a local lady who loves to help the ailing. When he notes a look of sadness in her eyes, she tells him of the “one great sorrow” of her life. Her brush with tragedy reveals the fruits such experiences can have in our lives.

Congregationalist minister Harvey Newcomb wrote countless volumes of spiritual advice for adults and children alike. He compiled this guide for young people seeking to develop a deeper understanding of the Bible. His advice spans general guidelines for when, where, and how, as well as a detailed guide to systematic study. “To a true child of God,” he writes, “nothing is so precious as the volume of inspiration.

In 1520, Martin Luther debated Catholic theologian Johann Eck in Leipzig - and lost. After the debate, the pope threatened Luther with excommunication. He responded by writing this address to the German nobility, urging them to consider his reforms for the church. He argues that the Catholic church abuses undue power, and asks, “If we rightly hang thieves and behead robbers, why do we leave the greed of Rome unpunished?”