Showing titles in French
-
-
Learn French with Paul Noble for Beginners – Complete Course
- French Made Easy with Your Personal Language Coach
- By: Paul Noble
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 12 hrs and 38 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
With Paul Noble’s simple, relaxed approach you will learn in a way that suits you – without having to memorise long lists of words you won’t use; scribbling notes as you listen; or feeling frustrated. Instead, Paul will introduce you to the basics of the French language and guide you through over 12 hours of everyday scenarios – from simple situations like asking for directions and eating out to talking about yourself and how to master the different tenses – that are practical, fun, and applicable. Just listen, interact, and learn wherever you are.
-
-
The easy way to learn a language
- By Anonymous User on 30-04-16
-
Learn French with Paul Noble for Beginners – Complete Course
- French Made Easy with Your Personal Language Coach
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 12 hrs and 38 mins
- Release date: 31-03-16
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £14.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £14.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Next Steps in French with Paul Noble for Intermediate Learners – Complete Course
- French Made Easy with Your Personal Language Coach
- By: Paul Noble
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 7 hrs and 57 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
No grammar tests. No memory drills. No chance of failure. Welcome to Learn with Paul Noble – a unique, tried and tested language learning method that has been used by almost a million people to speak fluently and confidently in no time at all. Take your French to the next level with Paul Noble's simple, relaxed approach to learning that has been proven to succeed every time. Unlike more traditional language learning courses, Paul Noble’s unique method has no grammar tests, no memory drills and no chance of failure. Just listen, interact and learn wherever you are.
-
-
Impressed. Very thorough.
- By Fingers on 25-02-19
-
Next Steps in French with Paul Noble for Intermediate Learners – Complete Course
- French Made Easy with Your Personal Language Coach
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 7 hrs and 57 mins
- Release date: 24-01-19
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £12.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £12.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
French Conversation with Paul Noble
- Learn to Speak Everyday French Step-by-Step
- By: Paul Noble
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 11 hrs and 55 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
No grammar tests. No memory drills. No chance of failure. Improve your everyday French speaking and listening skills by following typical, fun conversations and practising what you hear in the dialogues. Ideal preparation for travelling to France and French-speaking countries.
-
-
The Course I've Been Waiting For
- By MR P M BRIGHTON on 09-07-24
-
French Conversation with Paul Noble
- Learn to Speak Everyday French Step-by-Step
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 11 hrs and 55 mins
- Release date: 30-05-24
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £12.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £12.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Power French Accelerated/8 One-Hour Audio Lessons/Complete Written Listening Guide/Tapescript
- By: Mark Frobose
- Narrated by: Mark Frobose
- Length: 8 hrs and 2 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Want to learn to speak authentic French quickly and easily and have fun in the process? Designed to teach you to speak French while on the go, Power French Accelerated is a refreshingly intense, upbeat and positive 8 hour audio language program whose 144 study units establish a challenging pace and friendly tone that are designed to keep you constantly motivated and learning to speak and understand real spoken French at optimal speed.
-
-
Helpful aid to learning basics....
- By Anonymous User on 17-11-14
-
Power French Accelerated/8 One-Hour Audio Lessons/Complete Written Listening Guide/Tapescript
- Narrated by: Mark Frobose
- Length: 8 hrs and 2 mins
- Release date: 16-09-13
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £14.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £14.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
French for Kids with Paul Noble
- Learn a Language with the Best-selling Coach
- By: Paul Noble
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 8 hrs and 51 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This step-by-step French course follows the relaxed approach of best-selling language coach, Paul Noble, who guides children gently through the basics, with no mention of grammar or text books. Simply listen carefully, repeat and most of all, have fun....
-
-
Really easily taught
- By Cindy barreto on 18-10-20
-
French for Kids with Paul Noble
- Learn a Language with the Best-selling Coach
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 8 hrs and 51 mins
- Release date: 09-01-20
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £12.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £12.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
French Pronunciation
- How to Speak Accurate French
- By: Collins Dictionaries
- Narrated by: Paul Noble, Collins
- Length: 1 hr and 3 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
A step-by-step guide to French pronunciation that will help you build your confidence and communicate better in French. Aimed at beginners and intermediate students, this short course focuses on spoken French and will help you improve your pronunciation, confidence and fluency. The free booklet will show you how to pronounce each sound and give real-life examples of where these sounds are used. You will recognize why you mispronounce certain words and which sounds you need to focus on. You can practise the French sounds while listening to the French speaker.
-
-
Incorrect PDF
- By mr c. on 09-08-20
-
French Pronunciation
- How to Speak Accurate French
- Narrated by: Paul Noble, Collins
- Length: 1 hr and 3 mins
- Release date: 06-08-20
- Language: French
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £6.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £6.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Essential French in 2 Hours with Paul Noble
- By: Paul Noble
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 2 hrs and 34 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
With Paul Noble’s simple, relaxed approach you will learn in a way that suits you – without having to memorise long lists of words you won’t use, scribbling notes as you listen, or feeling frustrated. Instead, Paul will introduce you to the basics of the French language and guide you through 2 hours of everyday essentials that are practical, fun, and applicable. Just listen, interact, and learn wherever you are.
-
-
Great Course
- By Jon on 18-11-15
-
Essential French in 2 Hours with Paul Noble
- Narrated by: Paul Noble
- Length: 2 hrs and 34 mins
- Release date: 11-04-13
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £7.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £7.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Pimsleur French Level 2, Lessons 21-25
- Learn to Speak and Understand French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- By: Pimsleur
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Length: 2 hrs and 37 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This course includes Lessons 21 to 25 from the French Level Two program featuring 2.5 hours of language instruction. Each lesson provides 30 minutes of spoken language practice, with an introductory conversation and new vocabulary and structures. Detailed instructions enable you to understand and participate in the conversation.
-
Pimsleur French Level 2, Lessons 21-25
- Learn to Speak and Understand French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Series: Pimsleur French, Book 11
- Length: 2 hrs and 37 mins
- Release date: 26-03-19
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Learn French for Adult Beginners Book (3 in 1): Complete Course
- By: Worldwide Nomad
- Narrated by: Alexis Donze
- Length: 13 hrs and 17 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
A simple 3 step complete course to mastering French in no time, even for absolute beginners. Follow a proven method including grammar, phrases, and short stories with a native French Speaker to master French quickly and effectively.
-
-
Bonjour, Easy French Learning!
- By DCAL Gear Customer Support on 03-11-24
-
Learn French for Adult Beginners Book (3 in 1): Complete Course
- Narrated by: Alexis Donze
- Length: 13 hrs and 17 mins
- Release date: 05-09-24
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £18.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £18.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Learning French Through Stories (French Edition)
- Intermediate Short Stories for French Learners
- By: Monique Boudreault
- Narrated by: David Meslet
- Length: 3 hrs and 22 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
If you are a French language learner looking to advance your reading skills and enhance your vocabulary, then this book will guide you through dialogue and story listening in your second language. We often are instructed with conventional activities in the form of worksheets, overlooking that words are 20 times more likely to be remembered if they are a part of a story (Bruner, 2017). Language learners retain more in the context of a story and become accustomed to the natural syntax of that language.
-
-
Unlock Your French Potential - Learn and Retain wi
- By Simon Says on 07-08-23
-
Learning French Through Stories (French Edition)
- Intermediate Short Stories for French Learners
- Narrated by: David Meslet
- Length: 3 hrs and 22 mins
- Release date: 21-02-23
- Language: French
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £11.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £11.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Learn French - Level 5: Upper Beginner French
- Volume 1: Lessons 1-25
- By: Innovative Language Learning LLC
- Narrated by: FrenchPod101.com
- Length: 4 hrs and 16 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Welcome to Upper Beginner French, volume 1! You're on your way to France! Master the basics of French conversation the fun, fast and easy way! Start speaking French in minutes, and learn key vocabulary, phrases, and grammar in just minutes more with Upper Beginner French. Our native French hosts break down all the sentences, grammar and more in a simple, easily understandable way!
-
-
A refreshing way to learn.
- By Anonymous User on 07-03-23
-
Learn French - Level 5: Upper Beginner French
- Volume 1: Lessons 1-25
- Narrated by: FrenchPod101.com
- Series: French Innovative Language Learning, Book 5
- Length: 4 hrs and 16 mins
- Release date: 11-04-18
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £15.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £15.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Learn in Your Car: French, a Complete Language Course
- By: Henry N. Raymond
- Narrated by: uncredited
- Length: 10 hrs and 21 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Listeners learn pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar of French without the need of a textbook. Level 1: Key words and phrases, basic grammar skills, emphasizes travel needs; Level 2: Expands vocabulary, new grammar concepts, more day-to-day activities; Level 3: Broadens vocabulary base, more advanced grammar skills, enriches conversational ability.
-
-
Has HUGE amount of material. Scary,but good value
- By Anonymous User on 30-07-14
-
Learn in Your Car: French, a Complete Language Course
- Narrated by: uncredited
- Length: 10 hrs and 21 mins
- Release date: 13-02-14
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £25.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £25.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Rapid French: Volume 1
- By: Earworms Learning
- Narrated by: Marlon Lodge
- Length: 1 hr and 9 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
By listening to these specially composed melodies with their rhythmic repetitions of French and English a few times, you pick up over 200 essential words and phrases that will not just be on the tip of your tongue, but will be burned deeply into your long-term memory in next to no time.
-
-
complimented on my French!
- By Anonymous User on 09-10-07
-
Rapid French: Volume 1
- Narrated by: Marlon Lodge
- Length: 1 hr and 9 mins
- Release date: 17-01-06
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £11.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £11.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
French Short Stories for Beginners: 20 Captivating Short Stories to Learn French & Grow Your Vocabulary the Fun Way!
- Easy French Stories, Volume 2
- By: Lingo Mastery
- Narrated by: Noelia Gouty, Craig Levin
- Length: 6 hrs and 39 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
We’ve created French Short Stories for Beginners to ensure that students at the beginner level can have yet another chance to immerse themselves into fun and interactive stories designer for you, the student. wenty easy-to-listen, entertaining, and interesting stories await inside, along with the best tools to help you practice once you’re done reading each tale. Our audiobook will ensure you not only can listen to something that will expand your knowledge on French but that you will understand and be able to pick it apart piece by piece in your quest for learning.
-
-
Great idea but hard to use
- By dobby_the_house_elf on 10-08-19
-
French Short Stories for Beginners: 20 Captivating Short Stories to Learn French & Grow Your Vocabulary the Fun Way!
- Easy French Stories, Volume 2
- Narrated by: Noelia Gouty, Craig Levin
- Length: 6 hrs and 39 mins
- Release date: 28-05-19
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £14.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £14.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Pimsleur French Level 4 Lessons 1-5
- Learn to Speak, Understand, and Read French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- By: Pimsleur
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Length: 2 hrs and 48 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This course includes Lessons One through Five from the French Level 4 program featuring 2.5 hours of language instruction. Each lesson provides 30 minutes of spoken language practice, with an introductory conversation and new vocabulary and structures. Detailed instructions enable you to understand and participate in the conversation. Practice for vocabulary introduced in previous lessons is included in each lesson. The emphasis is on pronunciation and comprehension and on learning to speak French.
-
-
Too much, too fast
- By Anonymous User on 05-02-23
-
Pimsleur French Level 4 Lessons 1-5
- Learn to Speak, Understand, and Read French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Series: Pimsleur French, Book 19
- Length: 2 hrs and 48 mins
- Release date: 09-01-21
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Rapid French: Volume 2
- By: Earworms Learning
- Narrated by: Marlon Lodge
- Length: 1 hr and 13 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
If you like music, and want to make rapid progress without any formal knowledge of language learning, Earworms mbt© Rapid French is the course for you. Volume 1 was your survival kit of essential words and phrases to get you by on your trip abroad. Volume 2 will have you talking about yourself, past, present and future, chatting, and even flirting!
-
-
See my review on volume 1
- By Anonymous User on 16-02-09
-
Rapid French: Volume 2
- Narrated by: Marlon Lodge
- Length: 1 hr and 13 mins
- Release date: 28-12-06
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £11.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £11.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Learn French
- Become Fluent in the Car or While You Sleep with the Alphabet and Numbers, Verbs, Grammar, Short Stories, Idioms, Phrases and Random Facts!
- By: French Hacking
- Narrated by: Emilie Mauchaussé, Emmanuelle Nicolaon
- Length: 66 hrs and 19 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Did you know that over 220 million people around the world speak French? Now is the time to join them and tap into the countless opportunities that come with mastering this widely spoken language.
-
Learn French
- Become Fluent in the Car or While You Sleep with the Alphabet and Numbers, Verbs, Grammar, Short Stories, Idioms, Phrases and Random Facts!
- Narrated by: Emilie Mauchaussé, Emmanuelle Nicolaon
- Series: Learn French with The Adventures of Clara
- Length: 66 hrs and 19 mins
- Release date: 22-10-24
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £21.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £21.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Pimsleur French Level 5 Lessons 21-25
- Learn to Speak, Understand, and Read French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- By: Pimsleur
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Length: 2 hrs and 32 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This course includes Lessons 21-25 from the French Level 5 program featuring 2.5 hours of language instruction. Each lesson provides 30 minutes of spoken language practice, with an introductory conversation, and new vocabulary and structures. Detailed instructions enable you to understand and participate in the conversation. Practice for vocabulary introduced in previous lessons is included in each lesson. The emphasis is on pronunciation and comprehension, and on learning to speak French.
-
Pimsleur French Level 5 Lessons 21-25
- Learn to Speak, Understand, and Read French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Series: Pimsleur French, Book 29
- Length: 2 hrs and 32 mins
- Release date: 11-12-20
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Pimsleur French Level 2, Lessons 6-10
- Learn to Speak and Understand French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- By: Pimsleur
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Length: 2 hrs and 32 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This course includes lessons six to 10 from the French Level Two program featuring 2.5 hours of language instruction. Each lesson provides 30 minutes of spoken language practice, with an introductory conversation and new vocabulary and structures. Detailed instructions enable you to understand and participate in the conversation.
-
-
Transscript of conversation need
- By Anonymous User on 29-02-24
-
Pimsleur French Level 2, Lessons 6-10
- Learn to Speak and Understand French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Series: Pimsleur French, Book 8
- Length: 2 hrs and 32 mins
- Release date: 26-03-19
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Pimsleur French Level 5 Lessons 1-5
- Learn to Speak, Understand, and Read French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- By: Pimsleur
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Length: 2 hrs and 44 mins
- Original Recording
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This course includes Lessons One through Five from the French Level 5 program featuring 2.5 hours of language instruction. Each lesson provides 30 minutes of spoken language practice, with an introductory conversation and new vocabulary and structures. Detailed instructions enable you to understand and participate in the conversation. Practice for vocabulary introduced in previous lessons is included in each lesson. The emphasis is on pronunciation and comprehension and on learning to speak French.
-
-
Good concept but too much
- By Anonymous User on 13-06-23
-
Pimsleur French Level 5 Lessons 1-5
- Learn to Speak, Understand, and Read French with Pimsleur Language Programs
- Narrated by: Pimsleur
- Series: Pimsleur French, Book 25
- Length: 2 hrs and 44 mins
- Release date: 09-01-21
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to wishlist failed.
Please try again laterRemove from wishlist failed.
Please try again laterAdding to library failed
Please try againFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Regular price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: £10.99 or 1 Credit
-